There is currently underway a big debate about the shape and future of conservatism in Canada. By looking to the debate about conservatism in America, we could draw some conclusions as to what a genuine conservatism should actually consist of.
Conservatism today is, it could be argued, a bewildered philosophy -‑ an unwieldy morass of mutually incompatible, self‑contradictory, and amorphous ideas. Despite decades of internecine debate, the contemporary conservative movement in Western societies has failed, generally‑speaking, to provide a coherent and consistent account of itself. No viewpoint that, holus‑bolus, seeks to unite Barry Goldwater under the same banner as T. S. Eliot could be otherwise. No „vital equilibrium” could ever be that vital.
What can be described as the current malformation of conservatism has been caused, in part, by its weak and problematic position vis‑à‑vis the modern world. The advance of left‑wing thought and practice in modern society has compressed all competing „right‑wing” ideologies together, forcing what could be called the „fusion” of nineteenth‑century liberalism with traditional conservatism, such that distinctions between the two have become increasingly blurred.
This union of what were once two strongly distinct political philosophies is not only regarded as a necessary tactical alliance (as it well might be), but is increasingly meant to become a new theoretical and philosophical „synthesis”. Post‑war American conservatism in particular has been preoccupied with sometimes ingenious rationalizations of this new philosophical outlook. George Nash, for example, in his book The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America since 1945, divided post‑war American conservatism into three main groupings: „traditionalists”, „fusionists”, and „libertarians”. Purely on the level of theory, „fusionism”, as a „shot‑gun marriage” between two once‑opposed positions, can be seen as difficult to justify. Yet, one could also question to what extent the establishment of „fusionism” as a touchstone idea has helped or hindered the disparate groups of the American Right.
Conservatism, in the traditional sense, is simply not „libertarian”. Pure libertarianism is certainly not „traditionalist”. Indeed, these two currents have existed in opposition for the longest portion of their history (i.e., the struggle between „classical conservatism” and „classical liberalism”). Pure libertarianism itself is a radical restatement and reformulation of „classical” liberalism.
Historically‑speaking, on the practical and popular levels, much of the American „Old Right” was fiercely individualistic, ultra-pro‑capitalist, anti‑étatiste, and radically freedom‑centred -‑ whereas in Continental Europe (and, to a lesser extent, in Britain and Canada) what can be called the true „Old Right” was its exact opposite ‑- community‑oriented, state‑centred, and focussed on social and spiritual integration and harmony as the unifying principles.
Virtually all works attempting to advance an acceptable new definition or program for conservatism have had to face this paradox of the two different conceptions of the „Old Right”. The rigid Goldwater‑esque „rugged individualism” of much of the American „Old Right”, its relentless assaults on „welfare‑statism”, were probably its least appealing aspects, in terms of the over‑all population, and failed in any case to win it any significant funding from American big-business.
There certainly appears to be no possibility of turning back the clock to the supposedly conservative „Gilded Age”, that mythical era „before the New Deal”. And it is difficult to argue that the social conservatism of heartland America is in any way compatible with the free‑wheeling, free‑booting amorality of contemporary big‑city capitalism, to which most American conservatives seem to make at least a nod of approval. A modern government, it could be argued, will always be „welfarist” and bureaucratic in administrative practice -‑ the point is to be able to determine, in some measure at least, the ideas and beliefs that are transmitted through the programs and actions of that bureaucracy.
The over‑all situation of conservatism today is what might be described as „forced” ‑- without the luxury for doctrinal experimentation, lackadaisical stances, and weak commitment to core ideas and programs. It is extremely important for the future of conservatism, where, and how, conservatism’s lines of defence are drawn. The defence of capitalism and an atomistic individualism is, it could be argued, a weak position; the defence of society, of human social existence, community, and family, a strong position.
The only real hope for conservatism in the modern age lies, it would appear, in a contemporary re‑formulation of its social ethic, rather than in some rear‑guard defence of nineteenth‑century institutions and practices, such as laissez‑faire capitalism. What does cutting taxes mean anyway, if society as a whole becomes a seething cauldron of polyglot, polymorphous perversity? After all, so much of what traditional conservatives find troubling about late modernity — such as a libertine entertainment culture — is entirely unconnected to government bureaucracy and functions on a strictly free-market basis. This and the tech giants, as well as many large corporations, have frequently been characterized as together constituting “woke capitalism”.
Mark Wegierski